Baudh

GEOGRAPHY:-

                          The district lies in central Orissa, to the south of the Mahanadi River, which forms the western and northern boundary of the district. Across the Mahanadi lay the districts of Bolangir to the west,Subarnapur to the northwest, and Angul to the northeast. Nayagarh District lies to the southeast, Phulbani District to the south, and Kalahandi district to the southwest.

Geographically the Boudh district extends from Latitudes 20º.22’ to 20º.50’N and Longitudes 83º.34’ to 84º.49’E. It is bounded by River Mahanadi & Anugul District to the north, Kandhamal District to the south, Nayagarh District to the east and River Tel & Subarnapur District to the west.

Information about adminstrative setup

Sl. No.	Subject	Description
1	Date of formation	02.01.1994
2	Notification No.	DRC-218/93-56413/Rdt.22.12.1993
3	Geographical Area in Sq.Km.	3098
4	Geographical Location	Latitude – 20º.22’ to 20º.50’-N Longitude – 83º.34’ to 84º.49’-E
5	Geographical Boundary	North- River Mahandai & Angul Dist. South- Kandhamala Dist. East- Nayagarh Dist. West- River Tel & Subarnapur Dist.
6	No.of Sub Division	1 ( Boudh)
7	No. of Tahasils	3 ( Boudh,Harabhanga,Kantamal)
8	No. of CD Blocks	3 ( Boudh,Harabhanga,Kantamal)
9	No.of Villages	1186 [Inhabited - 1115,Uninhabited -71]
10	No. of NAC	1  ( Boudh) No.of Wards - 17
11	No. of Registration Offices	2 ( Boudh  & Kantamal)
12	No. of Treasuries	2 ( Boudh & Kantamal)
13	No. of Police Stations	6  (Boudh,Manamunda,Harabhanga,Kantamal Bousuni, Purunakatak)
14	No. of Jails	1 ( Boudh)
15	No. Of GPs	63
16	No. of R.I. Circle	22
17	No. of Fire Station	4 (Boudh,Charichhak,Baunsuni,Kantamal)
18	No.  of Assembly Constituencies	2 ( 85-Kantamal ,86-Boudh)

Population according to 2001 cencus

Sl. No.	Type	Nos.
1.	Total	3,73,372
i.	Male	1,88,155
ii.	Female	1,85,217
2	Rural	3,55,347
i.	Male	1,78,849
ii.	Female	1,76,498
3.	Urban	18,025
i.	Male	9,306
ii.	Female	8,719
4.	SC	81,710 [21.88%]
i.	Males	41,004 [21.79%]
ii.	Females	40,706 [21.98%]
5.	ST	46,557 [12.47%]
i.	Males	23,276 [12.37%]
ii.	Females	23,281 [12.57%]
6.	No. of Households	83,245
i.	Urban	3,592
ii.	Rural	79,653
7.	Decadal Population Growth ( 1991-2001)	17.55
i.	Male	17.7
ii.	Female	17.4
8.	Density of Population (Per Sq.Km.)	121
9.	Sex Ratio (No. of females per 1000 males)	984
i.	Rural	987
ii.	Urban	937
10.	Literates	1,80,321 [ 57.73%]
i.	Males	1,19,757 [76.23%]
ii.	Females	60,564 [39.02%]
11.	Population in age group (0-6yrs.)	61,042 [Sex Ratio - 966]
i.	Males	31,049
ii.	Females	29,993
iii.	Rural	58,730 [Sex Ratio -968]
iv.	Males	29,841
v.	Females	28,889
vi.	Urban	2312 [Sex Ratio -914]
vii.	Males	1208
viii.	Females	1104

According to the 2011 census Boudh district has a population of 439,917, roughly equal to the nation of Malta. This gives it a ranking of 552nd in India (out of a total of 640).  The district has a population density of 142 inhabitants per square kilometre (370 /sq mi) .  Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.82%.  Baudh has a sex ratio of 991 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 72.51%

                                                                           POPULATION CENSUS -  2011 ( Provisional )

Sl. No.	Item	Value
1.	Total	4,39,917
2.	Male	2,20,993
3.	Female	2,18,924
4.	Sex Ratio (No. of females per 1000 males)	991
5.	Sex Ratio  in age group (0-6yrs.)	975
6.	Sex Ratio  in age group (7yrs & above)	993
7.	Density of Population (Per Sq.Km.)	142
8.	Decadal Population Growth ( 2001-2011)	17.82
9.	Child Population in age group (0-6yrs.)	59,094
10.	Male Child Population in age group (0-6yrs.)	29,928
11.	Female Child Population in age group (0-6yrs.)	29,166
12.	Total Literates	2,76,122 [72.51 %]
13.	Male Literates	1,61,440 [84.49 %]
14.	Female Literates	1,14,682 [60.44 %]
15.	Percentage to total population  of the State	1.05
16.	Percentage to total area  of the State	1.99
17.	Ranking in the state as per population	29
18.	Ranking in the state as per area	22
19.	Ranking in the state as per population density	25
20.	Ranking in the state as per sex ratio	11
21.	Ranking in the state as per literacy rate	18

                                                                  EDUCATION         

Sl.No.	Type	Nos.
1	Kendriya Vidyalaya	1
2	Navodaya Vidyalaya	1
3	High School ( Welfare Deptt.)	2
4	Girl's High School (Welfare Deptt.)	1
5	Residential  Sevashramas	1
6	Sevashramas	10
7	Primary School	494
8	Primary with Upper Primary School	254
9	Primary with Upper Primary & Secondary	11
10	Upper Primary School	30
11	Upper Primary with Secondary School	6
12	Secondary School	64
13	Upper Primary School upgraded to class-VIII/ IX	2
14	Play School	2
15	School for Blind & Deaf	1
16	Govt. Seconadry Training School	1
17	Colleges	9
18	Industrial Training Institute	1

CULTURE Boudh is a new district but the civilization of Boudh area is as old as the oldest river valley civilizations of the world. As all civilization started on the banks of river and riverine passage was the mode of transport in the days of yore, people of Boudh claimed to be inheritors of rich culture. From 2nd century AD up to a period of one thousand years Boudh was an important seat of Buddhism,Savisim and Shakti cult in the country. Boudh is part of Kosali Culture.It was highly developed educationally and culturally during the Soma Vanshi period and also during the Gangas and Surya Vanshi period.

  Health InfrastructureCommunal Dance

Various types of dances are prevalent in the district . these are usually held during socio-religious functions. An account of some of the major dances are given below.

                                                                                      Karma Dance:-

The Karma dance of Boudh is quite different from the Karama dance of the Oraons of Sundergarh District. In Boudh, the Ghasis perform this festival and dance. They observe Sana Karama festival on the 11 th day of the dark fortnight in the month of Bhadrab ( August- September) and Karama festival on the 11 th day of the bright fortnight of the same month . On both the occasions, males and females belonging to Ghasi community perform the Karama dance. The girls sing Karama songs and the boy play on the Mrudunga and Madala. They generally sing songs relating to goddess Karama whom they worship on the occasion .

Danda Nata:-

Danda Nata is a ritual dance and is very popular in Boudh. The participants of the dance are the devotees of god Hara and goddess Parvati. They perform the dance in the month of Chaitra (March–April) and Vaishakha ( April–May).

Dalkhai Dance:-

The people of Boudh perform this dance during the month of Aswina ( September –October ) on the occasion of Bhaijuntia ( Bhatri Dwitya) In this dance young girls stand in a line or in a semi-circular pattern with songs known as Dalkhai songs

Sl .No.	Type	Nos.
1	Dist. Headquarter Hospital [Boudh]	01
2	Community Health Centre	05
3	Primary Health Centre	12
4	Health Sub Centre	67
5	Mobile Health Unit	02
6	Ayurvedic Dispensaries	10
7	Homeopathic Dispensaries	04

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Sl.No	Type	Nos.
1	Veterinary Hospital	1
2	Veterinary Dispensaries	6
3	Live stock Aid Centres	26
4	Artificial Insemination Centres	28
5	Livestock Breeding Farm [Boudh Diary]	1
6	Fodder Firm [Landibandh]	1
7	Milk Chilling Plant[Charichhak ]	1
8	Bulk cooler [Boudh, Manamunda & Kantamal ]	3

COMMUNICATION 

Sl.No.	Type	Length in Km.
1	National Highway -57 [Madhapur- Manamunda]	101
2	State Highway-41 [Manamunda-Kantamal-Ghantapada-Sindhugora]	56.58
3	Other Dist. Road	83.76
4	R.D. Road	501.80
5	PMGSY Road	81.68
6	Village Road	460
7	G.P. Road	3745
8	Panchayat Samiti Road	173
9	Forest Road	229

Boudh is well connected with road and rail with other district headquarter and the state capital Bhubaneswar. The distance of Boudh from Bhubaneswar is 240 km. One can come to Boudh via State Highway No. 1 & 14 ( via Nayagarh –Charichhak) or can come by National Highway No. 42 . ( via- Angul).Regular train services are available from Bhubaneswar viz. Bhubaneswar –Sambalpur Intercity Express,Hirakud Express,Puri-Sambalpur passenger train. To reach Boudh one has to get down at Rairakhole station. From here one has to travel around 27 km. either by Bus or taxi to reach Boudh. The nearest Airport is at Bhubaneswar                                                                                  COMMERCIAL BANKS

Sl.No.	Type	Nos.
1	No. of Branches of Different Banks	29
i.	Stae Bank of India	11
ii.	Utkal Gramya Bank	8
iii.	Indian Bank	4
iv.	United Bank of India	1
v.	Union Bank of India	1
vi.	Cooperative Bank	4
2.	A.T.M. [SBI]	2

IRRIGATION

Sl. No.	Type	Khariff	Rabi
		Area in Ha.
1	Major/ Medium Irrigation Project	43982	2000
2.	Minor Irrigation Project (Flow)	22668	472
3.	Lift Irrigation Projects	4222	2678

FISHERY

Sl.No.	Type	Numbers	Area in Ha.
1.	G.P.Tank	1662	1563.12
2.	Revenue Tanks	76	55.20
3.	Private Tanks	513	289.37
4.	Water Harvesting Structure	50	62.90
5.	Minor Irrigation Projects	26	254.00
6.	Total	2327	2224.59
7.	Toatl Freshwater Fish Production{2006-07}	3066.59 MT

AGRICULTURE

Sl.No	Type	Area in Ha.
1	Forest Area	24838
2	Misc. tree crops & groves	276
3	Permanent Pasture	17527
4	Culturable Waste	11667
5	Land put to non-agricultural uses	26777
6	Barren & Un-cultivable land	10607
7	Current fallows	18415
8	Other fallows	12122
9	Net area sown	80419

FOREST

Sl. No.	Type	Area in Sq. Kms.
1	Total Forest Area	1277.17
2	Reserved Forest	983.33
3	Demarcated Forest	43.48
4	Other Forests	249.34
5	Undemarcated Protected Forest	0.00
6	Un Classified Forest	1.02
7	Forest Division	1 [Boudh]
8	Forest Ranges	5 nos.
9	Section	18 nos.
10	Beats	79 nos.

RAINFALL

Sl. No.	Type	Rainfall
1.	Average Rainfall	1853 MM.
2.	Normal Rainfall	1597.10 MM.

  

TAHASILWISE  R.I. CIRCLE OF BOUDH DISTRICT.
Name of the Tahasil: Boudh			Name of the Tahasil: Harabhanga	Name of the Tahasil: Kantamal
1	BADHIGAM	1	ADENIGARH	1	BARAGAM
2	BAGHIAPADA	2	BIRANARASINGHPUR	2	DAHYA
3	BAUNSUNI	3	DEBAGARH	3	GHANTAPADA
4	BOUDHSADAR	4	DHALPUR	4	KANTAMAL
5	GUNDULIA	5	HARABHANGA	5	MANAMUNDA
6	KHUNTABANDH	6	PURUNAKATAK	6	PARA
7	MUNDAPADA	7	SARASARA	7	SAGADA
8	TELIBANDH

  

BLOCKWISE GRAMPANCHAYAT LIST OF BOUDH DISTRICT.
Boudh		Kantamal		Harabhanga
1	AINLAPALLI	1	AMBAGAM	1	ADENIGARH
2	AMBAJHARI	2	BARAGAM	2	BAMANDA
3	BADHIGAM	3	BARAGOCHHA	3	BANDHAPATHARA
4	BAGHIAPADA	4	BILASPUR	4	BANIBHUSANAPUR
5	BAHIRA	5	DAPALA	5	BIRANARASINGHPUR
6	BAUNSUNI	6	GHANTAPADA	6	CHHATRANGA
7	BRAHMANIPALI	7	GHIKUNDI	7	DHALAPUR
8	GOCHHAPADA	8	GUDVELIPADAR	8	HARABHANGA
9	GUNDULIA	9	JOGENDRAPUR	9	KUSANGA
10	KHUNTABANDHA	10	KANTAMAL	10	LUNIBAHAL
11	LAXMIPRASAD	11	KHALIAPALLI	11	MATHURA
12	MANUPALI	12	KHAMANMUNDA	12	PURUNAKATAK
13	MUNDAPADA	13	KHATAKHATIA	13	RAMAGARH
14	MUNDIPADAR	14	KHUNTIGORA	14	SAMPOCH
15	MURUSUNDHI	15	KULTAJORE	15	SANKULEI
16	PADMANPUR	16	LAMBASARI	16	SARASARA
17	ROXA (DAHYA)	17	MANAMUNDA	17	TALAGAM
18	SAGADA	18	NARAYANPRASAD	18	TILESWAR
19	TALASARADA	19	PALASAGORA
20	TELIBANDHA	20	RENGALI
21	TIKARAPADA	21	RUNDIMAHUL
		22	SIMILIPADAR
		23	SUNDHIPADAR
		24	UMA

  Communal Dance

Various types of dances are prevalent in the district . these are usually held during socio-religious functions. An account of some of the major dances are given below.

                                                                                      Karma Dance:-

The Karma dance of Boudh is quite different from the Karama dance of the Oraons of Sundergarh District. In Boudh, the Ghasis perform this festival and dance. They observe Sana Karama festival on the 11 th day of the dark fortnight in the month of Bhadrab ( August- September) and Karama festival on the 11 th day of the bright fortnight of the same month . On both the occasions, males and females belonging to Ghasi community perform the Karama dance. The girls sing Karama songs and the boy play on the Mrudunga and Madala. They generally sing songs relating to goddess Karama whom they worship on the occasion .

Danda Nata:-

Danda Nata is a ritual dance and is very popular in Boudh. The participants of the dance are the devotees of god Hara and goddess Parvati. They perform the dance in the month of Chaitra (March–April) and Vaishakha ( April–May).

Dalkhai Dance:-

The people of Boudh perform this dance during the month of Aswina ( September –October ) on the occasion of Bhaijuntia ( Bhatri Dwitya) In this dance young girls stand in a line or in a semi-circular pattern with songs known as Dalkhai songs

Fairs and Festivals

The Hindus of the district observe a number of festivals all the year round. These festivals may broadly be divided into two categories, viz. domestic festivals observed in each house hold and public festivals and fairs where people congregate in large numbers on some auspicious days. The domestic festivals are confined tom worship of family deities, observance of ekadashis, various vratas, etc. most of them being guided by phases of the moon. The public festivals are usually religious ceremonies attended by a large number of men,women and children who come for worship as well as entertainment . An account of some of the important festivals in the district is given below.

Chuda Khai Jatra:-

This function is observed in the last Friday of Margasira(November–December) wherein both males and females gather in a place and scold each other in filthy languages and also fight each other. The conception behind this is that by such function the land will yield good crops.

Ratha Jatra:-

The Ratha Jatra or Car Festival of Lord Jagannath is held on the second day of the bright fortnight in the month of Asadha ( June–July). The festival is observed at different places of Boudh, but the festival observed in the Boudh town deserves special mention. During this festivals people of this district wear new dresses and make delicious food. Thousand of people from nearby villages of the district congregate at Boudh for this occasion. The Raja of Boudh performs the ritual as in case of Ratha Jatra of Puri. . The three deities – Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra are taken in a car from main temple to the Mausima temple. The deities stay their for seven days. During this time different types melas, mina bazaar are organized at Boudh as large numbers of people come to Boudh.

Laxmi Puja:-

Laxmi Puja is observed in almost all Hindu households on every Thursday in the month of Margasira( November–December) . The Hindu women celebrate this festival with great austerity and devotion. On the Thursdays the house and the courtyard are decorated with chita or alpana designs, and Laxmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity, is evoked and worshipped. The last Thursday of the month marks the end of the Puja when rice cakes and other preparations of sweets are offered to the goddess.

Nuakhai:-

Nuakhai is an agricultural festival . It is observed more or less in all parts of the district. This ceremony generally takes place in the bright fortnight of Bhadraba ( August –September ) on an auspicious day fixed by the astrologer. On this occasion preparations of the new rice are offered to gods, goddesses and ancestors after which members of the family along with friends and relatives partake of the new rice. The head of the family officiates in this function.

Sivaratri:-

Sivaratri festival is observed in all Siva temples on the 14th day of the dark fortnight in the month of Phalguna ( February–March). The devotees remain awake throughout the night and worship Lord Siva. At midnight a lamp called Mahadipa is taken to the top of the temple and is kept burning throughout the night. The devotees break their fast after seeing the Mahadipa. This festival is observed with great pomp and splendour in the Siva temple of Boudh town namely Matengeswar, Chandrachuda, Mallisahi, and at Jagati, Karadi, Sarsara, Dapala, Bhejigora, and Raniganj.

Dasahara:-

The Durga Puja and Dasahara festivals are celebrated during the bright fortnight in the month of Aswina ( September–October). Generally this Puja continues for four days from Saptami up to Dasami. The images of goddess Durga are worshipped in a few places in the district of which celebrations held at Boudh town & at Sakta shrine of Purunakatak deserve special mention.

Dasahara has a special significance to the warrior caste. They worship their old weapons of war and exhibit physical feats on the occasion. Their heroic forebears used to start on fresh military expeditions during this season of the year.

Dola Jatra:-

Dola Jatra is usually celebrated from the day of Phagu Dasami to Phagu Purnima.In some places it is observed from the next day of Phagu Purnima to Chaitra Krushna Panchami. On this occasion the images of Radha & Krishna are placed in a decorated biman and carried in procession to the accompaniment of music. At places the bimans carrying Radha-Krishna images from different places assemble together for a community worship. This assembly of the gods called melan is usually celebrated with great pomp & show. This is the main festival of the people belonging to the Gaura caste. They worship the cow and play naudi( a play with sticks) by singing songs relating to Radha and Krishna.

Puajiuntia and Bhaijiuntia:-

The Puajintuia ceremony is celebrated on the 8th day of the dark fortnight in the month of Aswina ( September- October) . On this occasion almost all the mothers worship the deity Dutibahana for long life and prosperity of their sons.

On the 8th day of the bright fortnight of Aswina ( September–October) Bhaijiuntia is observed. The sisters worship goddess Durga on this occasion for the long and happy life of their brothers

Ramaleela:-

Ramanavami or Ramaleela celebration is celebrated during the month of Chaitra. It is observed for eight to thirty days at different temples of Rama .It is a dance drama in open theatre for the entertainment people during which seven parts of the epic Ramayana is being played by different artists in different nights. It is observed with great pomp & show in Raghunath temple at Boudh town for eighteen days. It is also observed with religious fervor at Raghunath Jew temple of Debgarh and in the village Bahira.

Kailashi Jatra:-

Kailashi or Kalashi jatra is observed on the 11 th day of bright fortnight of Kartika which is also an auspicious month for Hindu . It is observed in the kalashi kothi ( worshipping place) .The walls of the kalashi kothi is painted with different god and goddess .A special type of musical instrument called Dhunkel is being played during this occasion inside the worshipping place. Girasinga is famous for this festival in the district. It is also observed in Palas,Landibandha,gandhinagar Khuntbandha,gundulia,Sarsara, Samapaju, Sidhapur, Khaligaon, and Khaliabagicha of Boudh town.

Christian festivals:-

The Christians of the district observe New Year’s day, Good Friday, Easter Saturday, Easter Sunday, Easter Monday, Christmas Eve and Christmas Day with great pomp and show.

Muslim festivals:-

The Muslim inhabitants celebrate Id-Ul-Fitre,Id-Ul-Zuha,Shab-E-Barat,Shab-E-Quadar,Juma-Tul-Wida,Muharram,Shab-E-Meraj,Milad-Un-Nabi, and Ramzan like their fellow brethren in other parts of the state.

 Tourism

Boudh is famous for its century old aesthetically built temples, ancient Buddha statues and caves. With the spread of Saivism,Vaishnavism and a number of other cults numerous shrines dedicated to various deities were found in this region. The natural beauty and glamour of these places keeps the visitors spellbound. It is a paradise for devotees and nature lovers. One who has visited this district at least once in his life never forgets it.

Some of the places of tourist attraction is as follows.

Buddha Statue:-

Three remarkable Buddhist statues are found in Boudh are indicative of the fact that it was once a center of Buddhist culture. One of the statue is present in Boudh town. The total height of this image is 6 ft. 9 inches of which the seated figure measures 4 ft. 3 inches in height and 3 ft. 10 inches from knee to knee. It is seated in the Bhumisparsa Mudra on a lotus throne 1 ft. 2 inches in height placed on a pedestal 11 inches in height and 4 ft. 6 inches in breadth. The whole image is built up in sections with carved stones. The only attendant figures are two Gandharvas flying with garlands in their hands on the sides of the head. On the whole this colossus of Boudh compares favourably with similar colossi at Udayagiri and Lalitgiri in Cuttack district. The image is uninscribed and beneath the pedestal is the ancient stone pavement of the original shrine. This appears to be the site of an ancient Buddhist monastery the remains of which are still to be found.

At a distance of 40 km. from Boudh town the image of Budhha is in the village shyamsundarpur. The height of statue is 5 ft. and the image is in the same posture as in Boudh town. Here also the only attendant figures are two Gandharvas flying with garlands in their hands at the back of the Budhha statue. The image is built up in sand stone. Locally it is known as Jharabaudia Mahaprabhu.

Another Budhha statue is also seen in the village Pragalapur which is at a distance of 2 km. from Shyamsundarpur. The height of this statue is 3.5 ft.. In the left hand side of the statue there are 3 numbers of invisible image and on the right hand side their lies five numbers of image called ugratara.

Ramanath Temple:-

Reameshwar/ Ramanath Temples

A group of three temples of Siva at Boudh town called the Rameswar or Ramanath temples, dating back to the 9th century AD are reputed for their special feature. The decorative motifs and the plastic art of three temples at Boudh are certainly superior to and older than the great lingaraj-Ananta –Vasudeva group. One particular feature of the Ramanath temple is worth particular attention. Their plan is quite different from any other temples. In plan these temples are eight-rayed stars and the argha-pattas of the lingas are also similar.These magnificent temples built of red sandstone and profusely carved are stated to have been constructed in mid-9th century AD. The temples with rich texture and curved surfaces are strikingly noteworthy. Each of these temples stands by itself on a raised platform and each consists of a cell and an attached portico. The minute recesses and angularities produce a charming effect of light and shade and confer an appearance of greater height from the continued cluster of vertical lines than they really possess. Archeological Survey of India has preserved this temple.

Jogindra Villa Palace:-

This is the palace of ex-Ruler of Boudh locally known as Rajabati. This was constructed during the reign of Raja Jogindra Dev,who was benevolent and generous ruler. The palace is a picturesque and handsome building commanding a fine view of Mahanadi.

Hanuman Temple:-

This temple is situated in the midst of the river Mahandai to the east of Boudh town..The Hanuman temple was constructed by a religious mendicant. This shrine was constructed on a large stone. The temple commands a beautiful view, especially during rain when the Mahanadi is in full boom .

Chandra Chuda & Matengeswar Temple:-

The Chandra Chuda & Matengeswar temple are situated on the bank of river Mahanadi in Boudh town. Both the temples are Siva temples. In the Matengeswar temple there is also separate temple for goddess Parvati.

Bhiarabi & Madan Mohan temple:-

Both these temples are built nearby the palace of the ex-ruler of Boudh. In Bhirabi temple goddess Bhairabi has been worshipped. In Madan Mohan temples idol of Radha-Krishna has been worshipped. One gayatri pragnya Mandir is also situated at theadjacent to these temples.

Jagannath temple:-

This is one of the ancient temple of Orissa. It is situated at the heart of Boudh town. Here Ratha Jatra is celebrated with great pomp and show.

Debagarh:-

The Raghunath temple at Debagarh is situated at a distance of 14 km. from Boudh town. The surrounding of the temple is full with natural beauty. The marble statue of Rama,Laxman, Sita and Hanuman are being worshipped here. A beautiful pond is also here